Federated means that any instance that is federated with them receives their content and can bee seen on that instance.

Defederated means they are not federated anymore, thus blocking both users and content.

It’s usually done to combat content you don’t want on your instance

Exactly, you would move northwest to enter the space displayed on the map.

Woodland maps are part of a new kind of map, where instead of drawing the location you are in, they show you the way to a POI. In this case, an Illager mansion