A paper that thoroughly examines various metal amulets found in northern Europe from the early to late viking age.

The author both affirms, proposes radical changes and slight altercations to existing interpretations to runic amulet inscriptions. Doing so, they compare the content of the amulets to later folklore, eddic texts and rune stones, as well as archeological and historical context in order to reach their conclusions.

Many of the amulets have a wikipedia page, many don’t.

My favourite, more obscure amulets include:

• the Ulvsunda amulet, found in a 9th century barrow that commands a spirit not to leave their grave.
• Högstena plate, interpreted as an account of an ancestor sacrifice

It can be read by clicking the “PDF” button.